Saz
The Anatolian saz is a long-necked Turkish lute that traces its ancestry back to Sumeria and Babylonia. It is most likely descended from the Kopuz, an earlier instrument that had a leather body and strings of hair.
In the 15th century, metal strings were added to the ancestral instrument; however, the added stress caused by this innovation implied another change: the soft leather body now had to be replaced by a wooden one.
Earlier forms of the saz were brought into battle for protection and carried by dervishes. The instrument is related to the Greek bouzouki and the Arabic oud, of which the ancestors date back to the Uruk period of ancient Mesopotamia or even earlier.
Turkish musician Salman Kilicaslan sings and accompanies himself on the saz in this video.